What is an example of tertiary endosymbiosis?
What is an example of tertiary endosymbiosis?
Only the dinoflagellates have undergone tertiary endosymbiosis, which is the engulfment of an alga containing a secondary plastid (Bhattacharya, Yoon, and Hackett 2004).
Are dinoflagellates primary or secondary endosymbiosis?
The dinoflagellate has undergone what has been described as tertiary endosymbiosis, by replacing its ancient secondary plastid of red algal origin with another alga itself already containing a secondary plastid also of red algal origin.
How many membranes are in tertiary endosymbiosis?
3 membranes
Dinoflagellates, although believed to be tertiary endosymbionts, have only 3 membranes surrounding their plastids (1, 2), suggesting that the acquisition of too many membranes may be functionally unstable and can cause some to be lost.
Are dinoflagellates Stramenopiles?
Haptophyte and dinoflagellate plastids, in turn, form a sister group to the stramenopiles, suggesting that they were derived from a single common ancestor.
How did dinoflagellates get chloroplast?
There is also controversy regarding the origin of dinoflagellate chloroplasts. Some phylogenetic analyses have suggested that dinoflagellate chloroplasts are primarily derived from haptophyte algae, with species containing hexafucoxanthin ancestral to those containing peridinin [19].
What is primary and secondary endosymbiosis?
The main difference between primary and secondary endosymbiosis is that primary endosymbiosis is the engulfing and absorbing a prokaryotic cell by a eukaryotic cell, whereas secondary endosymbiosis is the engulfing and absorbing of a eukaryotic cell by another eukaryotic cell that has already undergone primary …
What are examples of secondary endosymbiosis?
Secondary endosymbiotic organisms are Haptophyta, Dinophyta, Cryptophyta, Bacillariophyceae, Phaeophyceae, Xantophyceae, Chrysophyceae, and Dictyochophyceae.
What two organelles are included in the endosymbiosis theory?
Summary. The endosymbiotic theory states that mitochondria and chlopoplasts in today’s eukaryotic cells were once separate prokaryotic microbes.
How many membranes are in a tertiary plastid?
3-4 membranes
Although previous endosymbiotic events resulted in the increase in the number of membranes, tertiary plastids can have 3-4 membranes. The most largely studied tertiary plastids and found in dinoflagellates. Tertiary plastids are believed to have been derived from a red algae replacing secondary plastids.
What supergroup does dinoflagellates belong to?
Dinoflagellate
| Dinoflagellate Temporal range: Triassic or earlier–Present | |
|---|---|
| Phylum: | Myzozoa |
| Subphylum: | Dinozoa |
| Superclass: | Dinoflagellata Bütschli 1885 [1880–1889] sensu Gomez 2012 |
| Classes |